PLC 工控板的核心工作原理是什么，它是如何實現對工業設備的自動化控制的？

　　PLC（可編程邏輯控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器）工(gong)控(kong)板(ban)作為工(gong)業自動化控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)核心部件，其核心工(gong)作原理基于(yu)存(cun)儲程序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和循環掃描機制(zhi)(zhi)，通過(guo)一(yi)系列復雜而(er)有序(xu)的(de)操作實現對工(gong)業設備(bei)的(de)自動化控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　PLC 工控(kong)板的核心工作原理

　　存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)：PLC 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)板內部具有(you)可(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，使用(yong)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)語言（如梯形圖(tu)、指(zhi)令表等(deng)）編寫(xie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，并將(jiang)其(qi)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)該存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。這(zhe)些(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)包含了各(ge)(ge)種邏(luo)(luo)輯運算、順序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、定(ding)時計(ji)數(shu)等(deng)指(zhi)令，它們規(gui)定(ding)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)設備(bei)在(zai)(zai)不同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)方(fang)式。例(li)如，在(zai)(zai)一個(ge)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)流(liu)水線上(shang)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)以設定(ding)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時間、設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)與停止順序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等(deng)。循環掃描(miao)(miao)機制(zhi)：PLC 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)板采用(yong)循環掃描(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)式，其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要分為(wei)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)：輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)采樣、程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)執(zhi)行(xing)和(he)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)刷(shua)新(xin)。在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)采樣階(jie)段(duan)，PLC 通(tong)過(guo)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)接(jie)口將(jiang)現場各(ge)(ge)種傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（如限位(wei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、溫度(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、壓力傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)采集(ji)進來，并將(jiang)其(qi)狀態存(cun)(cun)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)對(dui)(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是 PLC 在(zai)(zai) “感(gan)知” 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情況。例(li)如，當流(liu)水線上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)觸動(dong)(dong)限位(wei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)時，該開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)會被 PLC 采集(ji)并存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)執(zhi)行(xing)階(jie)段(duan)：在(zai)(zai)完成輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)采樣后，PLC 按照(zhao)從上(shang)到(dao)下(xia)、從左到(dao)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進行(xing)逐條解(jie)讀和(he)執(zhi)行(xing)。在(zai)(zai)執(zhi)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，PLC 根(gen)據輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當前狀態以及程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)(luo)輯運算指(zhi)令，對(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)據進行(xing)處(chu)理和(he)邏(luo)(luo)輯判斷(duan)，計(ji)算出(chu)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)，并將(jiang)這(zhe)些(xie)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)存(cun)(cun)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。例(li)如，根(gen)據產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)流(liu)水線上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)（存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），結(jie)合(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)(luo)輯判斷(duan)，確定(ding)是否需要啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)某個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機（結(jie)果(guo)(guo)存(cun)(cun)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)刷(shua)新(xin)階(jie)段(duan)：當所有(you)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)執(zhi)行(xing)完畢后，進入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)刷(shua)新(xin)階(jie)段(duan)。PLC 將(jiang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容通(tong)過(guo)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)接(jie)口傳(chuan)送到(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（如繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)等(deng)），從而控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)狀態。例(li)如，將(jiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)從輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)映(ying)(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)到(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸合(he)(he)，進而控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機運轉(zhuan)，實現對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。

　　對工業設備的自動化控制實現(xian)方(fang)式

　　邏(luo)(luo)輯控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：通(tong)過(guo)編(bian)寫邏(luo)(luo)輯控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程序(xu)，PLC 可以(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種邏(luo)(luo)輯關系進(jin)(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。例(li)如，在(zai)一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)機(ji)正(zheng)反(fan)轉控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統中(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo) PLC 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入接(jie)口接(jie)收操作按鈕(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號，根(gen)據預(yu)先(xian)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)(luo)輯程序(xu)，判斷何時(shi)(shi)(shi)啟動(dong)正(zheng)轉、何時(shi)(shi)(shi)啟動(dong)反(fan)轉，并通(tong)過(guo)輸出接(jie)口控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)反(fan)轉接(jie)觸器(qi)，實(shi)(shi)現電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)反(fan)轉控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，滿(man)足工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)需求(qiu)。順序(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：PLC 能(neng)夠(gou)按照預(yu)先(xian)設(she)(she)(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)，依次控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個動(dong)作。在(zai)自動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)需要在(zai)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)位完成(cheng)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)，PLC 可以(yi)根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)序(xu)要求(qiu)，通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)位設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)、停止(zhi)和(he)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，實(shi)(shi)現產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)流水線(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有序(xu)流動(dong)和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，確保整個生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。定時(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：利用 PLC 內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)功能(neng)，用戶可以(yi)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程序(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)各(ge)(ge)種定時(shi)(shi)(shi)任務(wu)。例(li)如，在(zai)一(yi)個加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統中(zhong)(zhong)，需要對(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)定時(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，PLC 可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)定時(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)，精確控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，當達(da)(da)到設(she)(she)(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后，自動(dong)停止(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，保證產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率。計(ji)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：PLC 還具備(bei)計(ji)數(shu)器(qi)功能(neng)，可對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)數(shu)量(liang)、脈沖信(xin)(xin)號等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)計(ji)數(shu)。在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)傳感(gan)器(qi)檢測產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)過(guo)數(shu)量(liang)，PLC 利用計(ji)數(shu)器(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)計(ji)數(shu)，當計(ji)數(shu)達(da)(da)到設(she)(she)(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)數(shu)量(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)操作，實(shi)(shi)現產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化(hua)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。

　　綜上所(suo)述，PLC 工(gong)控(kong)板通(tong)過存(cun)儲程序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)和循(xun)環掃描(miao)機制(zhi)，結合邏輯控(kong)制(zhi)、順序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)、定時控(kong)制(zhi)和計(ji)數控(kong)制(zhi)等多種方式，實(shi)現了對工(gong)業設備的(de)自動化控(kong)制(zhi)，為工(gong)業生產的(de)高效、穩(wen)定運行提供了有力保(bao)障。